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When the file is copied or moved to another file system without ADS support the user is warned that alternate data streams cannot be preserved.

Additional extensions are a more elaborate security system based on access control lists (ACLs) and file system journaling.

Linux and BSD have a free and open-source NTFS driver, called NTFS-3G, with both read and write functionality.

Because Microsoft disagreed with IBM on many important issues they eventually separated: OS2 remained an IBM project and Microsoft worked to develop Windows NT and NTFS.

When Microsoft created their new operating system, they borrowed many of these concepts for NTFS.

NTFS developers include: Tom Miller, Gary Kimura, Brian Andrew and David Goebel.

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Using the same Partition ID Record Number is highly unusual, since there were dozens of unused code numbers available, and other major file systems have their own codes.

For example, FAT has more than nine (one each for FAT12, FAT16, FAT32, etc.).

Algorithms identifying the file system in a partition type 07 must perform additional checks to distinguish between HPFS and NTFS.

Reorganized security descriptors so that multiple files using the same security setting can share the same descriptor.

Commonly called NTFS 5.0 after the OS release.

Expanded the Master File Table (MFT) entries with redundant MFT record number (useful for recovering damaged MFT files).

For example, Windows Vista implemented NTFS symbolic links, Transactional NTFS, partition shrinking, and self-healing.

NTFS symbolic links are a new feature in the file system; all the others are new operating system features that make use of NTFS features already in place.

For example, using 64 KB clusters, the maximum size Windows XP NTFS volume is 256 TB minus 64 KB.

Using the default cluster size of 4 KB, the maximum NTFS volume size is 16 TB minus 4 KB.

Both of these are vastly higher than the 128 GB limit in Windows XP SP1.

Because partition tables on master boot record (MBR) disks support only partition sizes up to 2 TB, multiple GUID Partition Table (GPT or dynamic) volumes must be combined to create a single NTFS volume larger than 2 TB.

Booting from a GPT volume to a Windows environment in a Microsoft supported way requires a system with Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) and 64-bit support.

With Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012, the maximum implemented file size is 256 TB minus 64 KB or 281,474,976,645,120 bytes.

It is a feature that FAT does not provide and critical for NTFS to ensure that its complex internal data structures will remain consistent in case of system crashes or data moves performed by the defragmentation API, and allow easy rollback of uncommitted changes to these critical data structures when the volume is remounted.

Notably affected structures are the volume allocation bitmap, modifications to MFT records such as moves of some variable-length attributes stored in MFT records and attribute lists, and indices for directories and security descriptors.

The journal is made available for applications to track changes to the volume.

This journal can be enabled or disabled on non-system volumes.

Hard links are similar to directory junctions, but refer to files instead.

Hard links may link only to files in the same volume, because each volume has its own MFT.

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Hard links have their own file metadata, so a change in file size or attributes under one hard link may not update the others until they are opened.

Hard links were originally included to support the POSIX subsystem in Windows NT.

Operating system support is needed because there are legacy applications that can work only with 8.3 filenames.

In this case, an additional filename record and directory entry is added, but both 8.3 and long file name are linked and updated together, unlike a regular hard link.

Although current versions of Windows Server no longer include SFM, third-party Apple Filing Protocol (AFP) products (such as GroupLogic s ExtremeZ-IP ) still use this feature of the file system.

Very small ADS (named Zone.Identifier) are added by Internet Explorer and recently by other browsers to mark files downloaded from external sites as possibly unsafe to run; the local shell would then require user confirmation before opening them.

When the user indicates that they no longer want this confirmation dialog, this ADS is deleted.

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